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Article Dans Une Revue EBioMedicine Année : 2024

Virological characteristics of a SARS-CoV-2-related bat coronavirus, BANAL-20-236

Sayaka Deguchi
  • Fonction : Auteur
Rina Hashimoto
  • Fonction : Auteur
Yukio Watanabe
  • Fonction : Auteur
Ziyi Guo
  • Fonction : Auteur
Luo Chen
  • Fonction : Auteur
Lin Pan
  • Fonction : Auteur
Yu Kaku
  • Fonction : Auteur
Hiroyuki Asakura
  • Fonction : Auteur
Mami Nagashima
  • Fonction : Auteur
Kenji Sadamasu
  • Fonction : Auteur
Kazuhisa Yoshimura
  • Fonction : Auteur
Shinya Tanaka
  • Fonction : Auteur
  • PersonId : 1389299
Keita Matsuno
  • Fonction : Auteur
  • PersonId : 1389300

Résumé

Background Although several SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses (SC2r-CoVs) were discovered in bats and pangolins, the differences in virological characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 and SC2r-CoVs remain poorly understood. Recently, BANAL-20-236 (B236) was isolated from a rectal swab of Malayan horseshoe bat and was found to lack a furin cleavage site (FCS) in the spike (S) protein. The comparison of its virological characteristics with FCS-deleted SARS-CoV-2 (SC2ΔFCS) has not been conducted yet. Methods We prepared human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived airway and lung epithelial cells and colon organoids as human organ-relevant models. B236, SARS-CoV-2, and artificially generated SC2ΔFCS were used for viral experiments. To investigate the pathogenicity of B236 in vivo, we conducted intranasal infection experiments in hamsters. Findings In human iPSC-derived airway epithelial cells, the growth of B236 was significantly lower than that of the SC2ΔFCS. A fusion assay showed that the B236 and SC2ΔFCS S proteins were less fusogenic than the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The infection experiment in hamsters showed that B236 was less pathogenic than SARS-CoV-2 and even SC2ΔFCS. Interestingly, in human colon organoids, the growth of B236 was significantly greater than that of SARS-CoV-2. Interpretation Compared to SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrated that B236 exhibited a tropism toward intestinal cells rather than respiratory cells. Our results are consistent with a previous report showing that B236 is enterotropic in macaques. Altogether, our report strengthens the assumption that SC2r-CoVs in horseshoe bats replicate primarily in the intestinal tissues rather than respiratory tissues.

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Virologie
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pasteur-04601481 , version 1 (05-06-2024)

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Shigeru Fujita, Arnon Plianchaisuk, Sayaka Deguchi, Hayato Ito, Naganori Nao, et al.. Virological characteristics of a SARS-CoV-2-related bat coronavirus, BANAL-20-236. EBioMedicine, In press, 104, pp.105181. ⟨10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105181⟩. ⟨pasteur-04601481⟩
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